Programa del Adulto Mayor y su impacto integral en el municipio Trinidad, periodo 2020-2022 / Elderly Adult Program and its integral impact in Trinidad municipality, period 2020-2022

Fundamento: Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida en Cuba se hace necesario insertar al adulto mayor en la actividad física comunitaria, que es uno de los procesos de funcionamiento del Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación, mediante el Programa del Adulto Mayor para mejorar la calidad de vida de este grupo etario. Objetivo: Determinar los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor en la calidad de vida de los practicantes del municipio Trinidad en la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó estudio exploratorio que incluyó a 10 directivos y 65 profesores que atienden directamente el Programa del Adulto Mayor en el municipio Trinidad y 64 adultos mayores practicantes sistemáticos; a profesores y directivos se les realizaron entrevistas. Se utilizaron los métodos inductivo-deductivo, análisis de documento, medición y la entrevista. Los métodos estadísticos matemáticos se aplicaron para el procesamiento de los datos, específicamente dentro de la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron tablas de distribución empírica de frecuencias. Resultados: El Programa e Indicaciones metodológicas no ofrecen información relacionada con el impacto integral del mismo, el 100 % de los directivos considera necesario que se investigue en relación con el impacto integral de este Programa, la totalidad de los profesores entrevistados expresaron que solo se evalúa la condición física del adulto mayor. El 80 % de los adultos mayores se sienten satisfechos con su estado de salud y el 98 % consideraron que el Programa mejora su calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Se ofrecen los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor; las deficiencias detectadas orientan la necesidad de evaluar de forma integral el impacto del mismo en la calidad de vida de los practicantes sistemáticos.

Background: Due to the increase in life expectation in Cuba, it becomes necessary to insert the elderly adults in community physical activity, which is one of National Institute of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation functioning processes, by means of the Elderly Adult Program to improve quality of life in this age group. Objective: To determine the distinguishing features that characterize the integral impact of the Elderly Adult Program on the quality of life of the participants of the Municipality of Trinidad in the Province of Sancti Spiritus. Methodology: An exploratory study was conducted that included 10 managers and 65 teachers who directly attend the Elderly Adult Program in the municipality of Trinidad and 64 systematically practicing elderly adults; interviews were conducted with teachers and managers. Inductive-deductive methods, document analysis, measurement and interview were used. Mathematical-statistical methods were applied to process the data, specifically, within the descriptive statistics, empirical frequency distribution tables were used. Results: The Program and Methodological Indications do not offer information relating to the integral program impact, 100% of the managers consider necessary to investigate the integral impact of the program, most of the teachers interviewed said that only the physical condition of elderly adults is evaluated. The 80% of them are satisfied with their health and 98% believe the program improves their quality of life. Conclusions: The features that characterize the integral impact of the Senior Program are offered; the deficiencies detected suggest the need for a comprehensive evaluation of its impact on the life quality of systematic practitioners.

Prevalência de ingestão hídrica e fatores associados entre idosos não institucionalizados do Sul do Brasil / Prevalence of water intake among non-institutionalized elderly individuals in Southern Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de idosos com uma ingestão adequada de água e seus fatores associados. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em 2014 com idosos (≥ 60 anos) participantes do estudo "COMO VAI?". Investigou-se o número de copos de água ingeridos/dia pelos entrevistados, considerando-se adequada a ingestão de pelo menos oito copos/dia. As variáveis independentes foram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para a investigação das associações. Foram entrevistados 1.451 idosos, sendo observado que uma baixa percentagem, 12,6% (IC95% 10,8; 14,7) referiu consumo adequado de água. Maior percentagem de consumo adequado de água foi observada nos idosos mais jovens, com excesso de peso, que apresentaram cinco ou mais doenças e que eram mais dependentes quanto à capacidade funcional. A tendência decrescente de ingestão de água em relação à idade torna essencial o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para essa população de maior risco acerca da importância de uma ingestão hídrica adequada e das possíveis consequências do seu consumo inadequado.

Abstract The scope of this study was to determine the percentage of elderly individuals receiving an adequate water intake and associated factors among non-institutionalized elderly individuals in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. It involved a cross-sectional, population-based study carried out in 2014 with elderly participants (≥ 60 years) of the "COMO VAI?" survey. The amount of water ingested per day of the interviewees was investigated, considering the intake of at least eight glasses per day to be adequate. The independent variables were sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics, and Poisson Regression was used to investigate associations. A total of 1,451 elderly people were interviewed, with only 12.6% (95%CI 10.8; 14.7) drinking a sufficient amount. A higher percentage of the elderly with adequate water consumption was observed in younger elderly individuals, those overweight, those with five or more diseases, and those who were more impaired. A low percentage of the elderly with an adequate water intake was observed among the elderly adults in the study. The decreasing trend of water intake in relation to age highlights the importance of developing actions for the higher risk population to stress adequate water intake and the possible consequences of the lack of adequate consumption.

Investigation of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analysis of influencing factors / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To understand the status of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analyze the influencing factors so as to provide scientific basis for improving the policy of COVID-19 vaccination. 【Methods】 The socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related data, disability, and COVID-19 vaccination status of 575 elderly adults who resided in long-term care facilities in Shaanxi Province were collected via Sojumpin in January 2022. Factors that affected non-vaccinated elderly adults were analyzed by using the SPSS 25.0 software. 【Results】 Of the included 575 participants, 199 (34.6%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19. Univariate analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with age, room type, length of stay, marital status, number of children, chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, stroke, dementia), disability degree, and long-term medication use. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of 90 years or above (OR=4.25), triple room (OR=6.17), moderate disability (OR=2.94), severe disability (OR=6.67), long-term medication use (OR=1.81), and stroke (OR=1.74) were independent risk factors for not injecting COVID-19 vaccine. 【Conclusion】 The COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate of elderly adults in long-term care facilities needs to be improved, and more attention should be paid to the high-risk groups (e.g., who are older, and have disability, long-term medication use, or stroke).

Association between social health status and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling elderly adults in Zhejiang Province, China / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Objective: Mental disorders of the elderly population in China deserve attention. Social health is significantly associated with depression. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of depressive symptoms and to test the relationships between social health and depressive symptoms among a large sample of community-dwelling elderly adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or above in Zhejiang Province, China. Face-to-face interviews were used to complete a structured questionnaire for all participants. We used the Social Health Scale for the Elderly (SHSE) to evaluate social health status and used the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale to evaluate depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between social health status and depressive symptoms. Results: Of the total of 3757 participants included, 1887 (50.23%) were female, and the mean±standard deviation (SD) age was (70.0±8.3) years. The rate of depressive symptoms was 25.92%. The social health score was higher in non-depressed participants than in depressed participants (raw score 50.7 vs. 48.3, P < 0.001). Participants with “moderate” or “good” social health had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with “poor” social health (odds ratio (OR)=0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.66 for moderate social health; OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.35-0.60 for good social health). The association between social health and depressive symptoms was consistent across several subgroups. Conclusions: Social health is significantly inversely associated with depressive symptoms. The SHSE may serve as an efficient screener to identify those elderly adults with social health deficits, but systematic assessment to guide intervention merits further investigation.

Angina de ludwig: reporte de un caso en tolima, colombia / Ludwig's angina: case report in tolima, colombia

La angina de Ludwig es una patología de origen infecciosa que afecta principalmente el suelo de la boca, avanzando hacia los espacios submandibulares, sublinguales y submentonianos, progresando hacia la vía aérea, pudiendo causar su colapso, falla ventilatoria y muerte. Se realiza una revisión corta actual de la más reciente literatura acerca de esta patología. Se presenta paciente femenina adulta mayor que ingresa al servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico de celulitis en región facial. Es valorada por el médico internista de turno, quien rápidamente diagnostica la Angina de Ludwig, instaura tratamiento antibiótico de amplio espectro e interconsulta con cirugía general por posible falla ventiladora con vía aérea de difícil acceso. Gracias al rápido y oportuno diagnóstico se instauró el manejo adecuado y fue posible contener la patología sin complicaciones graves.

Ludwig's Angina is an infectious disease that affects mainly the floor of the mouth, progressing through submandibular, sublingual and submentonian spaces, making its way to the airway, being able to cause its collapse, thus causing ventilatory failure and death. First of all, we begin with a short review of the latest literature regarding this illness. Its presented an elderly female adult, who is brought into the emergency service with a face cellulitis diagnose. She is examined by the internist specialist on shift, who rapidly diagnoses Ludwig's Angina, establishes broad spectrum antibiotic treatment and interconsults with the general surgery service due to possible ventilatory failure with and a hard to access air way.Thanks to the rapid and timely diagnose an adequate treatment is established and it is possible to contain this pathology without grave complications.

Educación terapéutica sobre diabetes a adultos mayores / Therapeutic Diabetes Education to Elderly

La educación terapéutica constituye uno de los aspectos fundamentales del tratamiento de las personas con diabetes mellitus. En el caso del adulto mayor con la enfermedad, esta actividad tiene sus peculiaridades. Se recomienda, en un primer momento, realizar una evaluación integral del paciente, con el propósito de identificar algún problema físico, mental o social, que pueda interferir en el proceso educativo-terapéutico. Después, debe adaptarse la educación al sujeto, teniendo en cuenta el precepto de que esta no consiste en una educación para el tratamiento, sino en la educación como tratamiento. Esto demanda capacitación de parte de los profesionales de la salud encargados de afrontar esta tarea, en lo cual debe jugar un papel fundamental en Cuba el médico de la familia. El objetivo cimero de la educación terapéutica consiste en fomentar el autocuidado y garantizar la adherencia terapéutica sin que se deteriore la calidad de vida, a la vez que se enseña al paciente a vivir con la condición crónica(AU)

Therapeutic education is one of the fundamental aspects in the treatment of people with diabetes mellitus. In the case of the elderly with this disease, this activity has peculiarities. At first, a comprehensive evaluation of the patient is recommended to identify physical, mental or social problem that may interfere with the educational-therapeutic process. Then, education must be adapted to the subject, taking into account the precept that it is not education for treatment, but education as treatment. This demands training the health professionals in charge of this task, in which the family doctor must play a fundamental role in Cuba. The main goal of therapeutic education is to promote self-care and ensure therapeutic adherence without deteriorating the quality of life, while teaching the patient to live with the chronic condition(AU)

Asociación de diabetes insípida central y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Association between central diabetes insipidus and type 2 diabetes mellitus

La diabetes insípida central es una enfermedad rara del hipotálamo y de la neurohipófisis, y muy inusualmente se halla en el adulto con diabetes mellitus 2. Se manifiesta por un síndrome poliúrico polidípsico, que debe diferenciarse de la diabetes mellitus mal controlada. Ante la similitud de ambas entidades, y lo infrecuente de su coexistencia, se dificulta su sospecha. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 72 años de edad, con diabetes mellitus 2 y pobre control de la misma (hiperglucemias de ayuno mayores a 180 mg/dl) que cursó un síndrome poliúrico de larga data. La hipernatremia y la osmolalidad plasmática elevadas, junto a una osmolalidad urinaria baja llevaron a la sospecha de diabetes insípida, que posteriormente se confirmó con la prueba de deshidratación y la administración de desmopresina s.c. Con un aumento del 61% de la osmolalidad urinaria calculada una hora post desmopresina s.c. fue diagnosticada como diabetes insípida del tipo central. La resonancia magnética nuclear mostró una mancha brillante con neurohipófisis normal, contribuyendo al diagnóstico de la forma idiopática.

Central diabetes insipidus is a rare disease of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. It is very unusually found in the adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is manifested by a polydipsic polyuric syndrome, which must be distinguished from the poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given the similarity of both entities and the unusual nature of their coexistence, their suspicion is difficult. The case of a 72-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor insulin control (fasting hyperglycemia greater than 180 mg/dl) who had a long-standing polyuric syndrome is here presented. Hypernatremia and plasma osmolality elevated together with a low urinary osmolality led to the suspicion of diabetes insipidus, which was subsequently confirmed by the dehydration test and the administration of desmopressin sc. With 61% increase in the calculated urinary osmolarity one hour post desmopressin s.c., diabetes insipidus of central type was diagnosed. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance showed a bright spot with normal neurohypophysis, contributing to the diagnosis of the idiopathic form.

Factores asociados con el deterioro cognoscitivo y funcional sospechoso de demencia en el adulto mayor en Lima Metropolitana y Callao / Factors associated with cognitive and functional impairment suggestive of dementia in elderly adults from Lima Metropolitana and Callao

Objetivos: Identificar los factores asociados con deterioro cognoscitivo y funcional sospechoso de demencia en adultos mayores residentes de Lima Metropolitana y Callao. Material y Métodos: Estudio analítico de base de datos secundario, realizado sobre un muestreo probabilístico de tres etapas en 1290 adultos de 60 a más años de edad. Resultados: El 17% de adultos mayores a quienes se administró el Mini-Mental Status Examination y el 14.7% mediante el Cuestionario de Pfeffer, presentaron deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, solo el 6.7% presentó deterioro cognitivo y funcional sospechoso de demencia. Según el modelo multivariado final, ser adulto mayor de 75 años a más (OR=7,80; p<0,001), estar desempleado (OR=6,88; p=0,026), tener menos de 8 años de educación (OR=2,97; p=0,003) y haber presentado un episodio depresivo en el último año (OR=5,58; p<0,001), son factores asociados con el deterioro cognoscitivo y funcional sospechoso de demencia. Las dimensiones de autocuidado (OR=0,59; p<0,001) y funcionamiento ocupacional (OR=0,73; p=0,001) de la escala de calidad de vida de Mezzich, son factores protectores contra el desarrollo de dicho deterioro. Conclusiones: La existencia de varios factores asociados con el deterioro cognoscitivo y funcional sospechoso de demencia, genera la necesidad de elaborar y aplicar programas preventivo-promocionales para lograr estilos de vida saludable, mejorar la condición educativa y promocionar posibilidades de empleo para adultos mayores.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with cognitive and functional impairment suggestive of dementia in elderly adults from Lima Metropolitana and Callao. Material and Methods: Secondary base analytical study, carried out in a three-phased probabilistic sample of 1290 elderly adults of 60 or more years of age. Results:17% of the elderly adults, to whom the Mini-Mental Status Examination was administered, and 14.7% through the Pfeffer Questionnaire, presented cognitive impairment. However, only 6.7% presented cognitive and functional impairment suggestive of dementia. According to multivariate analysis, being an adult over 75 years of age (OR=7,80; p<0,001),unemployed (OR=6,88; p=0,026) , having only primary or less than 8 years of education (OR=2,97; p=0,003), and having experienced a depressive episode in the last year (OR=5,58; p<0,001) are factors associated with cognitive and functional impairment quite suggestive of dementia. The dimensions of self-care (OR=0, 59; p<0,001) and occupational functioning (OR=0, 73; p=0,001), of the Mezzich's quality of life scale, are protective factors against the development of such impairment. Conclusions: The existence of certain risk factors for the development of cognitive and functional impairment suggestive of dementia, generates the need to elaborate and implement preventive-pr motional programs to achieve healthy lifestyles, improve the educational level, and promote the employability of older adults.

Anciano con diabetes y factores asociados. Estudio SABE, Bogotá, Colombia / The elderly with diabetes and associated factors. SABE study, Bogotá, Colombia

Resumen Objetivo: conocer el autorreporte de diabetes en la población de adultos mayores de la ciudad de Bogotá y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas, del estado de salud y medidas antropométricas. Diseño: estudio observacional y poblacional de corte transversal analítico. Marco de referencia: datos del estudio SABE (Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Bogotá, Colombia. Participantes: mil novecientos noventa y nueve personas de 60 años o más de Bogotá, Colombia. Mediciones: variables sociodemográficas, enfermedades, hábitos, actividad física, tratamiento, evaluación cognitiva y afectiva, estado funcional y medidas antropométricas. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados con el paquete estadístico SAS (versión 9.4). Resultados: las personas tenían edad promedio de 71.2 ±8.0 y 62% eran mujeres; el 17.5% autorreportó diagnóstico de diabetes. En el análisis multivariado, la diabetes estuvo asociada con la presencia de hipertensión (OR = 1.62 95% intervalos de confianza IC = 1.20-1.18), catarata (OR = 1.71 95% IC = 1.24-2.36) y con perímetro abdominal aumentado (OR = 1.03 95% IC = 1.021.04). También estuvo asociada con una menor fuerza de agarre (OR = 0.98 95% IC = 0.96-0.99). Conclusión: la prevalencia de DM según autorreporte en Bogotá se encuentra en 17.5% de la población encuestada y representa una de las prevalencias más altas dentro de las ciudades latinoamericanas y del Caribe en donde se llevó a cabo el estudio SABE. (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42: 230-236).

Abstract Objective: to know the self-report of diabetes in the elderly population of the city of Bogotá and its association with sociodemographic variables, health status and anthropometric measures. Design: population-based observational analytical cross-sectional study. Reference frame: data from the SABE study (Health, Well-being and Aging Survey) Bogotá, Colombia. Participants: one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine people aged 60 or more from Bogotá, Colombia. Measurements: sociodemographic variables, diseases, habits, physical activity, treatment, cognitive and affective evaluation, functional status and anthropometric measurements. Bi-varied and multivariate analyzes were performed with the statistical package SAS (version 9.4). Results: patients had an average age of 71.2 ± 8.0 and 62% were women; 17.5% made self-report diagnosis of diabetes. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes was associated with the presence of hypertension (OR = 1.62 CI 95% confidence intervals = 1.20-1.18), cataract (OR = 1.71 IC 95% = 1.24-2.36) and increased abdominal circumference (OR = 1.03 IC 95% = 1.02-1.04). It was also associated with lower grip strength (OR = 0.98 95% IC = 0.96-0.99). Conclusion: the prevalence of DM according to self-report in Bogotá is found in 17.5% of the surveyed population and represents one of the highest prevalence in the Latin American and Caribbean cities where the SABE study was carried out. (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42: 230-236).

Nivel de funcionalidad en actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria del adulto mayor / Level of functionality in basic and instrumental daily life activities of elderly adult

La población en general tiene tendencia al envejecimiento, por lo que el Perú debe prepararse con políticas públicas que permitan a este segmento gozar de una vejez digna y con las debidas atenciones. Objetivos: determinar el nivel de funcionalidad en actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria del adulto mayor del Club CORESAMI en el año 2013. Material y métodos: estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, de nivel aplicativo y de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 35 adultos mayores, que concurrían al club antes mencionado, perteneciente a la Jurisdicción del Centro de Salud de San Juan de Miraflores. La técnica que se utilizó fue la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario. Resultados: del 100% (35), un 49% (17) tiene un nivel medio, un 34% (12), un nivel alto, y un 17% (6) un nivel bajo de funcionalidad para realizar actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria, prevaleciendo las primeras sobre los segundas, para las cuales requieren más apoyo. Conclusiones: se recomienda realizar estudios descriptivos en los diferentessectores y establecimientos de salud ya que tienen distintas realidades, así mismo programas de intervención dirigidos a estos adultos mayores de carácter inter y multidisciplinario que incluyan a la familia y comunidad.

The tendency of the general population is aging, so that Peru should be prepared with public policies that this segment are allowed to enjoy a decent and fairly old-age care. Objectives: to determine the level of functionality in basic and instrumental daily life activities of older adult in CORESAMI Club in 2013. Material and Methods: quantitative and descriptive level application and cross-section study. The population is composed of 35 older adults who were attended in the aforementioned Club, belonging to the jurisdiction of the Health Center of San Juan de Miraflores. The technique used was the survey and a questionnaire as an instrument. Results: of 100% (35), 49% (17) having an average level , 34% (12), a high level, and 17% (6) a low level of functionality to perform basic and instrumental activities of daily living . Prevailing the first on seconds, for which they require more support. Conclusions: descriptive studies are recommended in different sectors and health facilities as they have different realities, also intervention programs targeting these elderly people, inter and multidisciplinary involving the family and community.

Memoria cotidiana en población de adultos mayores: un estudio longitudinal de 10 años / Prospective memory in elderly population: a 10 year longitudinal study / Memória cotidiana em população de adultos maiores: um estudo longitudinal de 10 anos

El objetivo principal del estudio se dirigió a investigar la memoria cotidiana o prospectiva en una muestra de adultos mayores sanos, ya que hay pocos estudios sobre seguimiento de los cambios sufridos por la memoria cotidiana en adultos mayores a lo largo del tiempo. Se comparan cambios en la memoria cotidiana basada en eventos y tiempo, junto con la memoria retrospectiva, de trabajo y funciones ejecutivas al inicio y luego de seguimiento a diez años en 50 adultos mayores. Métodos e instrumentos: se administraron span de dígitos y palabras, memoria lógica, memoria de trabajo compuesta con amplitud de frase y palabra y amplitud de suma y digito, identificación de claves temporales y eventos en memoria prospectiva y trail making test. Los resultados se sometieron a análisis de regresión y mostraron disminución de memorias de trabajo y prospectiva basada en eventos pero no temporal. Las memorias lógica y digit-span no mostraron cambios significativos. La memoria prospectiva o cotidiana que requiere de uso de funciones ejecutivas puede mostrar una declinación como parte del envejecimiento, preservando memoria remota. Se concluye que se debe incluir investigación rutinaria de memoria cotidiana en adultos mayores para detección de alteraciones precoces en esta última. Queda por investigar la incidencia de esta disminución en la autonomía del adulto mayor.

The main objective of this study was to examine daily or prospective memory in a sample of elderly healthy adults, since few studies have been carried out up to date about changes that take place on this population's daily memory with the passage of time. Changes on this type of memory based on events and time were compared with retrospective work memory and executive functions at the beginning and after a follow-up period of ten years in 50 elderly adults. Methods and instruments: Digits and words span; logic memory; work memory formed with sentence and word width and addition and digit width; identification of temporary clues and events in prospective memory and trial making test. Data were treated with regression analysis and showed a decrease in work and prospective memory based on events but not on time. Logic and digit span memory did not show significant changes. Prospective or daily memory that requires the use of executive functions can show a decline as part of the aging process, preserving remote memory. The study concludes that routine research on daily memory in elderly adults should be conducted in order to detect early alterations on the latter. The incidence of this decrease in the autonomy of the elderly adult still remains to be investigated.

O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a memória cotidiana ou prospectiva em uma amostra de adultos maiores saudáveis, porque há poucos estudos de monitoramento das mudanças sofridas pelos idosos na memória cotidiana. Comparam-se as mudanças na memória cotidiana, baseada em eventos e tempo, com a memória retrospectiva, de trabalho e funções executivas ao começo e depois acompanhamento de dez anos em 50 adultos maiores. Métodos e instrumentos: foram dados span de dígitos e palavras, memória lógica, memória de trabalho formada com amplitude de frase e palavra e amplitude de adição e dígito, identificação de claves transitórias e eventos na memória prospectiva e trail making test. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de regressão e tiveram um decréscimo na memória de trabalho com base em eventos, mas não temporário. A memória lógica e a digit-span não apresentaram alterações significativas. A memória prospectiva ou cotidiana que usa funções executivas pode mostrar um declínio, como parte do envelhecimento, preservando a memória remota. Conclui-se que deve inclui-se pesquisa de rotina cotidiana em adultos maiores para detectar alterações precoces nesta. É preciso investigar o impacto dessa diminuição na autonomia do adulto maior.

Aceptabilidad de sopas deshidratadas de leguminosas adicionadas de realzadores del sabor (UMAMI) / Acceptability of dehydrated legume soups with the addition of flavor enhancers (UMAMI)

The enhancer effect of glutamate monosodium (MSG) flavor was evaluated and its synergistic action with 5'-ribonucleotides: ionone rib nucleotides 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and guano sine monophosphate (GMP) in dehydrated soups consisting of lentils and peas. Four formulations were developed for both soups: the first was the target with the original level of MSG, the following had different concentrations and mixtures of these enhancers (6 percent MSG; 6 percent MSG and 0.26 percent IMP; 0.6 MSG and 0.12 percent IMP-GMP). A five-.point Graphic Hedonic Scale test was used, where 1 represented the most upset face and 5 represented the happiest face. The most accepted soup was selected by thirty elderly adults. The lentils soup with 0,6 MSG and 0J2 percent IMP-GMP and the pea's soup with 6 percent MSG and 0.26 percent IMP obtained the greatest level of acceptance. So, the effectiveness of the synergistic action between the MSG and 5'-ribonucleotides was demonstrated, because they can improve the acceptance of the evaluated formulation.

Se evaluó el efecto realzador del sabor del glutamato monosódico (GMS) y su acción sinergista con 5'-ribonucleótidos: inosinato monofosfato (IMP) y guanilato monofosfato (GMP), cuando se adicionaron a sopas deshidratadas de lentejas y arvejas. Se elaboraron 4 formulaciones para cada sopa, la primera formulación correspondió al control con su nivel de GMS original, las siguientes formulaciones contaron con distintas concentraciones y mezclas de estos realzadores (6 por ciento GMS; 6 por ciento GMS mas 0,26 por ciento IMP y 0,6 GMS mas 0,12 por ciento IMP-GMP). Se utilizó la evaluación sensorial de Escala Hedónica Gráfica, con una escala de 1 al 5, donde 1: representa "la carita más disgustada" y 5: "la más feliz". Treinta adultos mayores determinaron la formulación más aceptada. La sopa de lentejas con 6 por ciento de GMS mas 0,12 por ciento de IMP-GMP fue la que tuvo mayor aceptación, mientras que para la sopa de arvejas fue aquella que contenía 6 por ciento de GMS más 0,26 por ciento de IMP. Por tanto, se pudo demostrar la efectividad de la acción sinergista entre el GMS y los 5'-ribonucleótidos, al mejorar las aceptación de las formulaciones evaluadas.

Concepto de soledad y percepción que de su momento actual tiene el adulto mayor en el municipio de Bello, Colombia, 2007 / Concept of loneliness, and perception of their current life moment, among elderly adults from Bello, Colombia, 2007

Objetivo: explorar el concepto de soledad y la percepción del instante que viven los adultos de 55 y más años del municipio de Bello (Antioquia) en el año 2007. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal. Se emplearon dos preguntas abiertas que se codificaron y se cruzaron con variables socio-demográficas. La muestra a conveniencia fue conformada por 180 adultos de ambos sexos, residentes en el municipio de Bello (Antioquia) y que no se encontraran institucionalizados. Resultados: los conceptos de soledad predominantes fueron el “estar solo” (42,7%), “sentirse solo” (23%), seguido de “horrible” (13,5%) y “aislarse” (7,5%), además de otros conceptos (12,5%); se destaca que el concepto de soledad se asocia en el estrato socioeconómico y el grado de escolaridad alcanzado. Conclusiones: predomina en la población encuestada una concepción más objetiva (estar solo) que subjetiva (sentirse solo) de soledad. La manera como se percibe el momento actual de vida tiene una relación estrecha con el concepto de soledad, quienes perciben aquel de manera positiva eligen preferentemente conceptos de soledad objetivos. Pese a los grandes cambios que experimentan los adultos mayores y las crisis que deben atravesar en este ciclo de vida, en general se percibe que se sienten a gusto con el momento actual de su existencia.

Objective: To explore the concept of loneliness and perception of the moment experienced by adults 55 and older in the municipality of Bello (Antioquia) in 2007. Methodology: A cross-sectional study. Two were open-ended questions were coded and were crossed with socio-demographic variables. The convenience sample was comprised of 180 adults of both sexes, residents in the municipality of Bello (Antioquia) and were not institutionalized. Results: The predominant concepts of loneliness were “being alone” (42.7%), “feeling lonely” (23%), followed by “horrible” (13.5%) and “isolated” (7.5%) and other concepts (12.5%) emphasized that the concept of loneliness is associated with socio-economic stratum and education level attained. Conclusions: The survey population is predominant in more objective (alone) than subjective (feeling alone) of loneliness. The way to perceive the current stage of life has a close relationship with the concept of loneliness, those who perceive it in a positive way choose preferably objectives concepts of loneliness. Despite the major changes experienced by older adults and the crises that must pass through this life cycle, it is generally perceived that they feel comfortable with the moment of their existence.

Síntomas depresivos como factor de riesgo para polifarmacia en pacientes mayores de 60 años / Depressive symptoms as a risk factor for polypharmacy in patients over 60 years of age

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre los síntomas depresivos no identificados por el médico de atención primaria y la polifarmacia en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Material y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pacientes de ambos sexos con 60 o más años de edad, con un máximo de una enfermedad, sin descompensaciones agudas, con registros confiables en sus expedientes durante los últimos 12 meses. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: deterioro cognitivo, artritis reumatoide, endocrinopatías (excepto diabetes mellitus), alcoholismo, tabaquismo, dependencia funcional, antecedentes de automedicación. Los criterios de eliminación fueron: diagnóstico previo de depresión o síntomas depresivos y hospitalización en los últimos 12 meses. Se seleccionaron como casos pacientes a quienes, por lo menos, en 5 de las 6 últimas consultas recibidas, se hayan prescrito 4 o más fármacos en forma simultánea. Se incluyeron en el grupo de los controles pacientes los a quienes al menos en 5 de las 6 últimas consultas recibidas, se haya prescrito un máximo de 3 fármacos en forma simultánea. Resultados: Participaron 200 pacientes por grupo, con edad promedio de 69 ± 6 años con los siguientes resultados: regresión logística (RM; IC95%) hipertensión arterial (6.0;3.6-10.3), diabetes mellitus 2 (3.7;2.3-5.9), síntomas depresivos (2.1;1.2-3.4), sexo femenino (1.7;1.1-2.7). Conclusiones: La presencia de hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, síntomas depresivos no identificados por el médico y el sexo femenino favorecen la presencia de polifarmacia en el adulto mayor que acude a una unidad de medicina familiar.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between depressive symptoms not identified by the family physician and polypharmacy in patients over 60 years old. METHODS: A case-control design with non-probabilistic sampling. Inclusion criteria: > or = 60 years old both sexes, without disease or with one disease-balanced illness, and with reliable recording in chart by the last 12 month. Exclusion criteria: cognitive deterioration, obstructive chronic lung disease, cardiopathy, infarct record, alcoholism, smoking addiction and functional dependence's. Elimination criteria: depression's previous diagnoses and hospitalization during a year before the study. The cases were patients who have simultaneously received 4 o more pharmacologic prescriptions in 5 of 6 last medical visits. The controls were patients who have simultaneously received 3 o less pharmacologic prescriptions in 5 of 6 last medical visits. Depressive symptoms: grading > or = 6 (Yesavage and Brink scale). RESULTS: 200 patients per group, aged 69 +/- 6 years agreed to participate. Logistics regression (OR;CI(95%)): hypertension (6.0;3.6-10.3), diabetes mellitus type 2 (3.7;2.3-5.9), depression (2.1;1.2-3.4), and female sex (1.7;1.1-2.7). CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, depressive symptoms not identified by the family physician, and female sex are risk factors for polypharmacy in the elderly.

Características del adulto mayor que acepta ser vacunado contra la influenza en San Luis Tlaxialtemalco-2004 / Characteristics of the older adult who accepts being vaccinated against influenza in San Luis Tlaxialtemalco 2004

La influenza es una enfermedad aguda viral en las vías respiratorias altas capaz de provocar complicaciones potencialmente letales en pacientes ancianos. La vacunación anual es la intervención de salud más importante para reducir el impacto de la influenza. Existen diversos factores que influyen para la aceptación o rechazo de la aplicación de la vacuna. EI propósito de este estudio fue determinar las características de la población que acepta la vacuna de la influenza e identificar grupos de población que presentan riesgo, especialmente de no vacunarse en la comunidad de San Luis Tlaxialtemalco. EI estudio fue descriptivo y transversal. Con una muestra no probabilística y conformada por 48 personas de 60 y más años de edad. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada de 25 preguntas y diferentes escalas. En cuanto a los resultados, el 84.48% aceptó la aplicación de la vacuna de la influenza. EI 81 .3% desconoce la enfermedad de la influenza, el 77.1 % cree que la influenza es grave, el 64.6% desconocía la vacuna contra la influenza, el 97.9% cree que previene la influenza y el 85.4% cree que la vacuna no le ocasionara problemas. Los factores que influyeron para la aceptación de la vacuna y en cuanto a quien se la recomendó el 31.3% refieren que fue la Enfermera y al 43.8% nadie.

Influenza is a high respitatory tract viral accute disease able to bring about potentially fatal complications in elderly patients. Theannual vaccination is the most important health intervention for decreasing the flu impact. There are several factors influencing the vaccine aplication acceptance or rejection. This study aims determining characteristics of the population that accepts the influenza vaccine and identifying in-risk population groups in the event they don´t receive it within San Luis Tlaxialtemalco area. It was a descriptive transversal study witha no-probalistic sample including 48 people, 60or more years old. A strctured survey with 25 questions and different scales. Regarding outcomes, 84.48% accepted the influenza vaccine application. The 81.3% are not familiar with influenza disease, 77.1% believes the flu is grave, 64.6% is not familiar with the influenza vaccine, 97.9% believes they are taking preventive actions for the influenza, and 85.4% thinks the influenza caccine will not cause them any problems, which is influencing on the vaccine acceptance. Regarding the person who recommended them the influenza vaccine, 31.3% said was the nurse and 43.8% said nobody did.

Determinants of Self-assessed Health among Elderly Adults

BACKGROUND: Self-assessed health is a crude and simple measure which was used as a summary of an individual's general state of health. In this study, we examined the relationship between comprehensive variables and self-assessed health and identified the major determinants of self-assessed health among community dwelling elderly. METHODS: We performed a study on variables using comprehensive geriatric assessment in 308 elderly people who visited the department of family medicine or the department physical medicine and rehabilitation of 11 university hospitals or general hospitals in Korea from July 1, 1999 through October 31, 1999. The association of self-assessed health and variables was examined by X2-test and multiple linear regression analysis. For dependent variable a question "How would you describe your health now?" was used and the subjects responded from these categories: very good, good, fair, poor, and very poor. The independent variables were sociodemographic characters, health behavior, diseases, physical and social function, family and social support. RESULTS: In the X2-test, self-assessed health was significantly associated with income, exercise, nutrition, number of disease, cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, fall, ADLs, IADLs, depression and social support. In the multiple linear regression analysis, majority of the explained variance in self-assessed health was nutrition, cardiac disease and depression. CONCLUSION: Self-assessed health among older adults was influenced by various factors. Based on the results, multidimensional approach needs to be developed to improve health.